Jun 10, 2015 major routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, and topical among others. Introduction medication is transferred into the bodys tissues in one of three ways. Oftentimes physicians need to change the route of administration of opioid analgesics. Routes of administration parenteral administration intravenous administration has been used most often with isoproterenol and albuterol may be of benefit since by this route the drug is available to all areas of the lung and not just the ventilated areas. Routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts 8. The six rights of safe medication administration wa health. Routes of medication administration oral route also called per oral in this route as the name indicates drug is taken by mouth.
According to the institute of medicine of the national academies, medication errors are among the most common medical errors, harming at least. Most drugs available today can be administered by mouth orally. Feb 05, 2015 routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts important info 8. Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
Drug administration drugs merck manuals consumer version. Drug begins breaking down in the stomach and is absorbed into the. Inhalation is a very old method of drug delivery, and in the 20th century it became a mainstay of respiratory care, known as aerosol therapy. Use of inhaled epinephrine for relief of asthma was reported as early as 1929, in england. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. The aim of this research was to determine and compare the distribution by sex and age of pharyngoamygdalitis cases and analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the applied treatments in. The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and. The production of this text has raised many questions concerning the data available relating to this method of medication administration. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the drug lipid soluble and skin at the site of application. Route of administration should address three basic criteria.
Rapid injections are used to treat epileptic seizures, acute asthma, or cardiac arrhythmias. Bds medication administration curriculum section iv 2011. Is the administration of a drug orally or by inhalation parenteral any medication route outside the intestines or alimentary canal, such as intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular, or mucosal. Routes of drug administration pharmacology 3571 with.
Routes of drug administration to laboratory animals authorstream. Oral administration po, ingestion of a drug by mouth and into the gastrointestinal tract, is one way by which a drug can be taken. Depending on the consistency of the inactive substances, the. How to change routes of administration of opioids by audiey c. Gastrointestinal oral per os through the mouth gavage into the stomach via a tube or gavage needle rectal per rectum into the rectum via the anus npo nil per os nothing by mouth. Rapid onset of action due to rapid access to circulation. To obtain a general effect, the drug is usually given by oral or parenteral route. The duration of action for various routes of drug administration is differ because the difference of rate of absorption of drug, amount of drug which been absorbed into the blood plasma and difference rate of metabolism and elimination of drug through the various of drug administration. Routes of administration and dosage forms veterinary manual. Routes of drug administration practice questions medical. In this administration the drug is administered in the gaseous form. Medications are made to help us, but they can harm us if taken incorrectly. The chemical structure and nature of a drug may determine which route of administration can be used for.
The intrathecal route is used because the bloodbrain barrier often precludes or slows the entrance of drugs into the central nervous system. It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundament. Summary this echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology.
Drugs applied to the skin are usually used for their local effects and thus are most commonly used to treat superficial skin disorders, such as psoriasis, eczema, skin infections viral, bacterial, and fungal, itching, and dry skin. Oral route is the most common route of drug administration. Routes of drug administration refer to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain maximum benefit. Drugs which are rapidly cleared by hepatic processes will show a decreased extent of availability following oral administration due to metabolism of drug on its first pass through the liver. Topical administration to mucous membranes or skin. Intradermal or intracutaneous into the dermal layer of the skin.
Systemic absorption of a drug depends on its physicochemical properties, the nature of the dosage form on which it is included and the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the site of. The magnitude of the difference in maximum metabolite concentration is directly proportional to the hepatic clearance of drug due to firstpass metabolite production. Inhalation administration involves inhaling of a drug in gas or liquid form. The aim of this research was to determine and compare the distribution by sex and age of pharyngoamygdalitis cases and analyze quantitatively and qualitatively the applied treatments in hospitals. Kao, md, phd pain management is a critical competency in medicine especially when palliation, and not treating the underlying disease, is the physicians focus. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration intravenous iv drugs may be given into a peripheral vein over 1 to 2 minutes or longer by infusion. Routes of drug administration practice questions medical estudy. Routes of drug administration folsom cordova unified. While there are many issues to consider when giving medication, including myriad routes and sites of drug administration, this lesson will only focus on the principal ones so youre not. Drug absorption factors which influence the rate of absorption types of transport the physicochemical properties of the drug protein binding routes of administration dosage forms circulation at the site of absorption concentration of the drug 3. Routes of medication administration oral route also called per oral in this route as the name indicates drug is.
Aerosols localtopical route of drug administration in this route the drug is applied on the skin. Effect of route of administration and distribution on drug. Cavagnaro, in nonclinical development of novel biologics, biosimilars, vaccines and specialty biologics, 20. The possible routes of drug entry into the body may be divided into two classes. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. Oral route oral refers to two methods of administration. Swallowed through the mouth into the stomach and digestive tract b. Medication administration lecture notes flashcards quizlet. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid. Alternative routes of drug administration transdermal. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. A route of drug administration is the path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Route of administration plays a significant role in the incidence of hypersensitivity as iv administration causes a significant number of hypersensitive responses 643% whereas im or subcutaneous routes cause far lower incidences 614%.
Strict aseptic precautions should be taken while giving injections. One method of classifying routes of administration is enteral and parenteral. Come browse our large digital warehouse of free sample essays. Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. Specialist, regulatory affairs 901 marcon boulevard allentown, pa 18109 re. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration.
Aug 05, 2019 the various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and. Most drugs can be administered by a variety of routes. Routes of drug administration to laboratory animals. This is followed by a discussion of rectal, sublingual and injection routes of. This standard provides for all routes of administration for drugs. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Identify sample pharmaceutical agents as to dosage form and. When administering a drug, the nurse should ensure that the pharmaceutical preparation is appropriate for the route specified. Read the label of the drug carefully before administering a drug to the patient. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. The intrathecal route involves the administration of a drug directly into the spine subarachnoid space as in spinal anesthesia. The extent and time course of drug action can be markedly affected by the route of drug administration into the patient as well as the pattern of drug distribution within the patient. Start studying medication administration lecture notes.
Get the knowledge you need in order to pass your classes and more. Is the administration of a drug orally or by inhalation. In order to administer medications independently you must pass. But why do doctors need this many routes of medication administration. The choice of appropriate route in a given situation depends both on drug as well as patient related factors. Emergency or the impossibility of intake by mouth makes the parenteral route necessary. It is the simplest mode of administration of a drug at the site where the desired action is required. The patient has the right to receive the proper medication and have that medication administered using the best route to achieve the desired therapeutic effect. A method in which a drug is taken into the body listed from slowest to fastest. The drug may be swallowed, allowing oral delivery, or it may be placed under the tongue sublingual or between the gums and cheek buccal, facilitating direct absorption into the bloodstream. This is quite interesting and is studied as part of pharmacology course in medicine. Major routes of drug administration include enteral, parenteral, and topical among others. Apr 01, 2012 it will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug administration, with all the basics covered i hope this presentation will make your fundament. The best route depends on a number of factors that include the nature of the medication and the patients condition.
Route of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Routes of drug administration the route of administration roa that is chosen may have a profound effect upon the speed and efficiency with which the drug acts important info 8. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions. Know the different drug administration routes as oral, rectal, parenteral, inhalation, dermal and mucosal. Study 28 routes of drug administration flashcards from chelsea t.
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